DEFINITON OF TEST,MEASUREMENT,ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION

1.TEST
 a. Allen Philips(1979:1-2) : a test is commonly difined as a tool or instrument of measurement that is used to obtain data about a specific trait or characteristic of an individual or group.
b. Ruiduwan (2006 : 37) : a test as an instrument for data collection is a set of questions/ exercises used to measure the skills of knowledge, intelligence, ability or talent possessed by an individual/group.

2. MEASUREMENT
 a. Cangelosi (1995: 21) measurement is the process of collecting data through empirical observations that are used to gather information relevant to predetermined goals. In this case the teacher assesses student achievement by reading or observing what students are doing, observing their performance, hearing what they say, and using their senses such as seeing, hearing, touching, smelling, and feeling.

 b. Wiersma & Jurs (1990) measurement is a numerical assessment of the facts of the object to be measured according to certain criteria or units

 3.ASESSMENT
a. Palomba dan Banta (1999) :  Assessment is the systematic collection, review, and use of information about educational programs undertaken for the purpose of improving student learning and development.
 b. Angelo T.A (1991) : assessment is a simple method faculty can use to collect feedback, early and often, on how well their students are learning what they are being taught.


 4.EVALUATION
 a. Frey Barbara A., and Susan W. Alman.(2003): evaluation the systematic process of collecting, analyzing,and interpreting information to determine the extent to which pupils are achieving instructional objectives.
b. William A. Melem and Irlin J. Lehnam (1978) : the notion of evaluation is a process of planning, obtaining, and also providing information that is very necessary to be able to make alternative decisions.

 5.FORMAL ASSESSMENT AND INFORMAL ASSESSMENT
a. Formal assessment usually implies a written document, such as a test, quiz, or paper. A formal assessment is given a numerical or grade score based on student performance,
 b.Informal  assessments do not contribute to the student's final grade as this copy and discussion question is inserted. An informal assessment usually takes place in a more relaxed way and can include observations, inventories, lists, rating scales, rubrics, performance and portfolio assessments, participation, peer and self-evaluation, and discussion.

6.  FROMATIVE ASSESSMENT AND SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
a. According to Popham (2011), formative assessment is a process that "involves the gathering and analysis of assessment-elicited evidence for the purpose of determining when and how to adjust instructional activities or learning tactics in order to achieve learning goals.
b.   Experts, such as Wiggins and McTighe (2011), recommend that summative assessments should be planned before instruction. Students are then taught in structured segments to practiceand master the skills, knowledge, and understandings that will lead to success on the summative assessment.




References :

http://wiliandalton.blogspot.com/2009/03/pengertian-tes-pengukuran-evaluasi-dan.html?m=1

https://httadityachandra.blogspot.com/2016/08/pengertian-pengukuran-measurement.html?m=1

https://www.seputarpengetahuan.co.id/2017/09/pengetian-assessment-menurut-para-ahli.html

http://mts.ppmalhidayah.or.id/index.php?id=artikel&kode=25

https://pendidikan.co.id/pengertian-evaluasi-tujuan-fungsi-tahapan-dan-menurut-para-ahli/
http://ruanganhijau.blogspot.com/2011/10/asesmen-pendidikan_01.html?m=1

https://amrizalhabibie.blogspot.com/2017/05/pengertian-evaluasi-penilaian.html?m=1